Research progress of COVID‑19 vaccination in organ transplant recipients

The pandemic has been relieved all over the world with the popularity of the COVID-19 vaccine. However, transplant recipients are still at risk of COVID-19 because they require lifelong immunosuppressive therapy, and the effectiveness and safety of vaccination are often lower than that of the normal population. Meanwhile, the effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccination have not yet been demonstrated in the immunosuppressive population, due to the lack of proper clinical trials on this group. Therefore, the present study reviews the current situation and concept of vaccination for patients after organ transplantation, and the effectiveness and safety of the new coronavirus vaccine which has been put into use in China, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the vaccination of COVID-19 vaccine for these patients, and to reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection in these patients. © 2022 Editorial Board of Medical Journal of Wuhan University. All rights reserved.

In-Flight Infection Prevention and Control Training for Cabin Crew in China: A Qualitative Study

Specific in-flight infection prevention and control (IPC) training was deemed an essential strategy for ensuring the implementation of appropriate measures to protect the health of passengers and crew sustainably during COVID-19 and the post-pandemic period. This study aims to identify cabin crew's IPC duties and investigate the current status of the in-flight IPC training for cabin crew in China. The snowballing technique was employed with purposeful sampling. A total of 15 participants, including cabin crew of various positions, inspectors, and trainers from eight airlines in China were invited to attend the in-depth semi-structured interview between September and November of 2022. Cabin crew IPC duties can be classified into four phases based on a thematic analysis: before flight, passenger boarding, during flight, and after flight. The findings indicated airlines in China required their cabin crew to carry out strict IPC measures onboard throughout all stages of flight, including in-flight IPC training before flight, being aware of COVID symptoms and monitoring passengers' conditions during boarding, the standard operating procedure (SOP) of handling suspicious carriers during flight, and so on. Meanwhile, six major themes concerning cabin crew's in-flight IPC training were extracted: COVID-19 information, IPC Supplies and usage, IPC measures onboard, communication and explanation, information collection and report up, attitude and perceptions toward COVID-19, and IPC measures. Cabin crew were regularly trained on in-flight IPC through online learning, with face-to-face training used as reinforcement. Although training for knowledge and technical skills was deemed comprehensive, non-technical skills such as communication and explanation were viewed as a weak link. Moreover, airlines should make greater efforts to help cabin crew develop a positive attitude towards COVID-19 and overcome their internal fears. This study pointed out the shortcomings of the in-flight IPC training for cabin crew in China and can help the airlines improve the training program so that cabin crew can perform their duties correctly. Furthermore, the result can inform the development of future cabin crew training programs for the post-pandemic period.

COVID-19 and bone health.

A few patients who have recovered from COVID-19 develop persistent or new symptoms that last for weeks or months; this is called "long COVID" or "post-COVID-19 syndrome." Over time, awareness of the short- and long-term consequences of COVID-19 has increased. The pulmonary consequences are now fairly well established, but little is known about the extrapulmonary system of COVID-19, particularly its effects on bones. Current evidence and reports indicate a direct relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and bone health, with SARS-CoV-2 having a significant negative effect on bone health. In this review, we analyzed the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on bone health and assessed the impact of COVID-19 on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis.

Application of low dose radiation therapy in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia.

With the global pandemic of COVID-19, cytokine storms in critical patients with pneumonia is really a problem and need to be solved immediately.Low dose radiation therapy (LDRT) has been temporarily used to treat pneumonia.In the past decades, researchers were dedicated to clarify the biological mechanism of LDRT.LDRT plays a unique role in the suppression of inflammation, preliminary outcomes have been acquired in critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, and radiotherapy community is paying attention to this treatment strategy.This review summarizes the application of LDRT in pneumonia, its biological mechanism, the result of LDRT in COVID-19 pneumonia, the existing problems and prospective in clinic.Copyright © 2021 Chinese Medical Association

The First Domestic Original Drug for the Treatment of COVID-19: Azvudine.

OBJECTIVE To summarize the basic information, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, interactions, and precautions of azvudine, to provide references for its clinical use. METHODS Literatures related to azvudine from the official website of Chinese clinical trial regi stry, clinicaltrials.gov, Pubmed, CNKI and Wanfang were systematically searched and summarized. RESULTS Azvudine is an oral small-molecule corona virus disease(COVID-19) treatment drug independently developed by China. As a nucleoside analogue targeting to viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp), it can inhibit RNA virus reverse transcription process and replication process. The results of phase III clinical trials showed that azvudine could significantly shorten the time of nucleic acid conversion in patients with mild to moderate corona virus disease (COVID-19). Compared with the control group, the azvudine group can significantly shorten the improvement time of pneumonia. For moderate and severe patients, azvudine treatment also showed significant therapeutic effects in the time of nucleic acid conversion, discharge, and rehabilitation. CONCLUSION The drug possesses good safety and tolerability in patients, which provide a choice for the clinical treatment of COVID-19.Copyright © 2022 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association. All rights reserved.

Transmission risk of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Global evidence on the transmission of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection needs to be synthesized. Methods: A search of 4 electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases) as of January 24, 2021 was performed. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Studies which reported the transmission rate among close contacts with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 cases were included, and transmission activities occurred were considered. The transmission rates were pooled by zero-inflated beta distribution. The risk ratios (RRs) were calculated using random-effects models. Results: Of 4923 records retrieved and reviewed, 15 studies including 3917 close contacts with asymptomatic indexes were eligible. The pooled transmission rates were 1.79 per 100 person-days (or 1.79%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.41%–3.16%) by asymptomatic index, which is significantly lower than by presymptomatic (5.02%, 95% CI 2.37%–7.66%;p<0.001), and by symptomatic (5.27%, 95% CI 2.40%–8.15%;p<0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that the household transmission rate of asymptomatic index was (4.22%, 95% CI 0.91%–7.52%), four times significantly higher than non-household transmission (1.03%, 95% CI 0.73%–1.33%;p=0.03), and the asymptomatic transmission rate in China (1.82%, 95% CI 0.11%–3.53%) was lower than in other countries (2.22%, 95% CI 0.67%–3.77%;p=0.01). Conclusions: People with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection are at risk of transmitting the virus to their close contacts, particularly in household settings. The transmission potential of asymptomatic infection is lower than symptomatic and presymptomatic infections. This meta-analysis provides evidence for predicting the epidemic trend and promulgating vaccination and other control measures. Registered with PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, CRD42021269446;https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=269446. © 2022 The Author(s)

A Network-Based Approach to QAnon User Dynamics and Topic Diversity During the COVID-19 Infodemic

QAnon is an umbrella conspiracy theory that encompasses a wide spectrum of people. The COVID-19 pandemic has helped raise the QAnon conspiracy theory to a wide-spreading movement, especially in the US. Here, we study users' dynamics on Twitter related to the QAnon movement (i.e., pro-/anti-QAnon and less-leaning users) in the context of the COVID-19 infodemic and the topics involved using a simple network-based approach. We found that pro- and anti-leaning users show different population dynamics and that late less-leaning users were mostly antiQAnon. These trends might have been affected by Twitter's suspension strategies. We also found that QAnon clusters include many bot users. Furthermore, our results suggest that QAnon continues to evolve amid the infodemic and does not limit itself to its original idea but instead extends its reach to create a much larger umbrella conspiracy theory. The network-based approach in this study is important for nowcasting the evolution of the QAnon movement.

The First Domestic Original Drug for the Treatment of COVID-19: Azvudine

OBJECTIVE To summarize the basic information, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, interactions, and precautions of azvudine, to provide references for its clinical use. METHODS Literatures related to azvudine from the official website of Chinese clinical trial regi stry, clinicaltrials.gov, Pubmed, CNKI and Wanfang were systematically searched and summarized. RESULTS Azvudine is an oral small-molecule corona virus disease(COVID-19) treatment drug independently developed by China. As a nucleoside analogue targeting to viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp), it can inhibit RNA virus reverse transcription process and replication process. The results of phase III clinical trials showed that azvudine could significantly shorten the time of nucleic acid conversion in patients with mild to moderate corona virus disease (COVID-19). Compared with the control group, the azvudine group can significantly shorten the improvement time of pneumonia. For moderate and severe patients, azvudine treatment also showed significant therapeutic effects in the time of nucleic acid conversion, discharge, and rehabilitation. CONCLUSION The drug possesses good safety and tolerability in patients, which provide a choice for the clinical treatment of COVID-19.

The First Domestic Original Drug for the Treatment of COVID-19: Azvudine.

OBJECTIVE To summarize the basic information, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, interactions, and precautions of azvudine, to provide references for its clinical use. METHODS Literatures related to azvudine from the official website of Chinese clinical trial regi stry, clinicaltrials.gov, Pubmed, CNKI and Wanfang were systematically searched and summarized. RESULTS Azvudine is an oral small-molecule corona virus disease(COVID-19) treatment drug independently developed by China. As a nucleoside analogue targeting to viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp), it can inhibit RNA virus reverse transcription process and replication process. The results of phase III clinical trials showed that azvudine could significantly shorten the time of nucleic acid conversion in patients with mild to moderate corona virus disease (COVID-19). Compared with the control group, the azvudine group can significantly shorten the improvement time of pneumonia. For moderate and severe patients, azvudine treatment also showed significant therapeutic effects in the time of nucleic acid conversion, discharge, and rehabilitation. CONCLUSION The drug possesses good safety and tolerability in patients, which provide a choice for the clinical treatment of COVID-19. Copyright © 2022 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association. All rights reserved.

The First Domestic Original Drug for the Treatment of COVID-19: Azvudine

OBJECTIVE To summarize the basic information, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, interactions, and precautions of azvudine, to provide references for its clinical use. METHODS Literatures related to azvudine from the official website of Chinese clinical trial regi stry, clinicaltrials.gov, Pubmed, CNKI and Wanfang were systematically searched and summarized. RESULTS Azvudine is an oral small-molecule corona virus disease(COVID-19) treatment drug independently developed by China. As a nucleoside analogue targeting to viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp), it can inhibit RNA virus reverse transcription process and replication process. The results of phase III clinical trials showed that azvudine could significantly shorten the time of nucleic acid conversion in patients with mild to moderate corona virus disease (COVID-19). Compared with the control group, the azvudine group can significantly shorten the improvement time of pneumonia. For moderate and severe patients, azvudine treatment also showed significant therapeutic effects in the time of nucleic acid conversion, discharge, and rehabilitation. CONCLUSION The drug possesses good safety and tolerability in patients, which provide a choice for the clinical treatment of COVID-19. Copyright © 2022 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association. All rights reserved.

Poster: Preliminary Outcomes of a Culturally Tailored Mindfulness Mobile App for Mental Health within Underserved African American Communities During COVID-19

This poster presents preliminary findings from a study in progress, which indicate that a specially-designed mobile app can serve as a viable delivery system for a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) intervention for historically underserved and minority communities experiencing mental health effects of worry and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our early data suggest that the app is well-received and usable for the target population and serves as an effective delivery platform for MBSR interventions for underserved and minority communities. © 2022 ACM.

Volatility Spillovers Among the Three Places Across the Taiwan Strait: Evidence from a BEKK-CARR Approach*

This study introduces a new BEKK-CARR model to explore the volatility spillover effects among mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan stock markets during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also extend the approach of Diebold and Yilmaz (2009, 2012) to infer a brand-new volatility spillover index to discuss the bi-directional volatility transmission. Our results show that the trading information flow among these three markets has changed significantly as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The strength of volatility spillover is increasing during this momentous period. The Hong Kong stock market plays a pivotal role in volatility transmission. The values for half-lives by exogenous shocks keep relatively low during the pandemic period. A reasonable explanation is that the trading information transmissions among stock markets are quicker than in the non-pandemic period. © 2023 The Authors. Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Korean Securities Association.

The Effect of COVID-19 on Tourism Affection: A Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance Framework Perspective

Based on the data of COVID-19 epidemic and online tourism review, this paper explores the impact of COVID-19 on tourists' tourism emotion. First, based on the existing theory, the hypothetical relationship between COVID-19 and tourists' PAD (Pleasure-Around-Dominion) emotion is established. Then, the PAD emotion variables in tourism reviews are extracted through the emotion analysis method, and then an empirical econometric model is established. Finally, the model is estimated using the double difference method, and a series of robustness tests are conducted. The empirical results show that COVID-19 has a significant negative impact on tourists' PAD sentiment. © 2022 IEEE.

Coping with the COVID-19 lockdown: The role of household and family responsibilities in Beijing

The COVID-19 pandemic combined with lockdown measures fundamentally changed urban family life worldwide. This article compares how different household types—singles, couples, nuclear families, and extended families—experienced the lockdown during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Beijing. It argues that not only the household responsibilities associated with household types at the household level, but also the family responsibilities on a larger geographical scale must be considered to understand the challenges faced by different households under the COVID-19 lockdown in urban China, where intergenerational supports such as family responsibilities to other generations living apart are prevalent during the pre-pandemic stage due to the collectivist culture. This article contributes the lens of household diversity and geographic distance to understanding everyday lives of families under lockdown and to reflect on family transformation in urban China over the past decades more broadly. Through the study of families, it also has implications for neighborhood planning and management aimed at mitigating a pandemic's negative impacts.

WashRing: An Energy-Efficient and Highly Accurate Handwashing Monitoring System Via Smart Ring

The outbreak of COVID-19 has greatly changed everyone's lifestyle all over the world. One of the best ways to prevent the spread of infections is by washing hands properly. Although a number of hand hygiene monitoring systems have been proposed, they either cannot achieve high accuracy in practice or work only in limited environments such as hospitals. Therefore, a ubiquitous, energy-efficient and highly accurate hand hygiene monitoring system is still lacking. In this paper, we present WashRing—the first smart ring-based handwashing monitoring system. In WashRing, we design a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) based adaptive sampling approach to achieve high energy efficiency. Then, we design an automatic feature extraction scheme based on wavelet scattering and a CNN-LSTM neural network to achieve fine-grained gesture recognition. Finally, we model the handwashing gesture classification as a few-shot learning problem to mitigate the burden of collecting extensive data from five fingers. We collect data from 25 subjects over 2 months and evaluate the system performance on both commercial OURA ring and customized ring. Evaluation results show that WashRing achieves 97.8%accuracy which is 10.2%–15.9%higher than state-of-the-arts. Our adaptive sampling approach reduces energy consumption by 64.2%compared to fixed duty cycle sampling strategies. IEEE

Dynamics of Online Learning during COVID-19 in Indonesia: Bibliometric Analysis and Future Research Agenda

Indonesia implemented the online learning system during COVID-19. These changes were associated with the country's vast and archipelago-shaped area. Therefore, this research aimed to examine online learning publication trend during the pandemic using bibliometric analysis. The results showed that 2021 had the most publications on online learning during the pandemic, with 259. The frequently used keywords included online learning (n = 95), COVID-19 (n = 71), and e-learning (n = 70). Santoso HB had the most publications with 14 documents, while Junus K and Sulisworo D had 7. Jakarta State University had the most publications, including 8 documents, 8 citations, and 23 link strengths. Ahmad Dahlan University had 6 documents, 9 citations, and 1 link strength. Indonesia and Malaysia had the most collaborations with 29 publications. Future research can be developed using motivational learning and the post-COVID-19 school system as keywords. Furthermore, this research provided a thematic trend visualization map for future research to develop educational concepts and policies on online learning, specifically in archipelagic countries such Indonesia. © 2022 IEEE.

CEBIT screening for inhibitors of the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike and ACE2

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, causing COVID-19, is the most challenging pandemic of the modern era. It has resulted in over 5 million deaths worldwide. To quickly explore therapeutics for COVID-19, we utilized a previously-established system, namely CEBIT. We performed a highthroughput screening of FDA-approved drugs to inhibit the interaction between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its obligate receptor ACE2. This interaction is essential for viral entry and therefore represents a promising therapeutic target. Based on the recruitment of interacting molecules into phase-separated condensates as a readout, we identified six positive candidates from a library of 2572 compounds, most of which have been reported to inhibit the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells. Our surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and molecular docking analyses revealed the possible mechanisms via which these compounds interfere with the interaction between RBD and ACE2. Hence, our results indicate that CEBIT is highly versatile for identifying drugs against SARS-CoV-2 entry, and targeting CoV-2 entry by small molecule drugs is a viable therapeutic option to treat COVID-19 in addition to commonly used monoclonal antibodies.

Dynamic Inventory Replenishment with Reinforcement Learning in Managing E-Fulfilment Centres

The demand of retail e-commerce has been rapidly growing due to the digitalization and the COVID-19 pandemic, and thus, the stress on e-fulfilment services continues to increase nowadays. To fulfil daily customers’ orders, effective inventory replenishment is of the essence in order to strike a balance between inventory management costs and service level. This paper describes an enhanced inventory replenishment approach by using reinforcement learning to deal with non-stationary and uncertain demand from customers. The proposed approach relaxes the assumption of stationary demand distribution considered in typical inventory models. Conventional policies derived from such models cannot guarantee optimal re-order quantities, when demand distribution is non-stationary over time. Consequently, reinforcement learning is adopted in the proposed approach to improve feasible solutions continuously in a dynamic business environment. In comparison to the conventional base stock policy, our proposed approach provides cost saving opportunities ranging from 28.5 to 41.3% in a simulated environment. It is found that the value of using data-driven solution approaches to deal with the practical inventory management problem is effective. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Evaluating Agricultural Food Supply Chain Resilience in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

With the spread of the global COVID-19 pandemic, agricultural food supply chains (AFSC) have suffered from unprecedented challenges and disruption. AFSC must possess extremely high levels of resilience when confronted by the pandemic. In this study, the authors have identified six important resilience criteria and 18 sub-criteria of AFSC in the context of COVID-19. The research presents the conceptual mixed multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technology to prioritize the resilience criteria based on understanding their interrelationships. Results identify three essential resilience criteria, namely "coordination and collaboration in the supply chain," "efficiency," and "strategic management" and the top five key sub-criteria as "velocity," "visibility," "continuity management," "connectedness," and "collaborative planning and replenishment." The framework proposed in this study contributes to the interdisciplinary understanding towards building resilience within AFSC and has the potential to be extended to other types of supply chains in response to COVID-19.

Covid-19: Treatment conclusion with kinds of vaccine and drugs

On February 11, 2020, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) officially named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The World Health Organization (WHO) called the epidemic infectious disease caused by it Covid-19, which is a lung disease caused by Sars-Cov-2 infection. There are no effective antiviral drugs for Sars-Cov-2-induced covid-19 going public on a large scale, but many kinds of vaccines prevent sars-cov-2 infection. At present, the more common vaccines are CoronaVAC, developed by Sinovac, ad26. Cov2. S developed by Johnson & Johnson, BNT162b2 developed by Pfizer, and mRNA-1273 developed by Moderna. At the same time, Remdesivir, developed by Gilead company in the United States, has become the first drug approved by many countries for the treatment of Covid-19, but there are still many uncertainties. In addition, Chinese herbal medicine called Lianhuaqingwen has been proved to be effective in treating Sars-Cov-2 infection. This paper, combined with the current clinical research and some toxicity tests, from the treatment of infected patients to different vaccines against sars-cov-2, was discussed and compared to provide a reference for clinical. © 2022 Author(s).